Dukurikije itangazo rya 2019 ryerekeye uko ikirere cy’ikirere cyashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango w’abibumbye n’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bumenyi bw’ikirere (WMO), umwaka wa 2019 wari umwaka wa kabiri ushyushye cyane, kandi mu myaka 10 ishize ni wo ushyushye cyane ku byanditswe.
Inkongi y'umuriro ya Ositaraliya muri 2019 n'icyorezo muri 2020 yakanguye abantu, reka dutangire gutekereza.
Dutangiye kubona uko urunigi rwatewe n'ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi, gushonga ibibarafu, amapfa n'umwuzure, iterabwoba ku buzima bw'inyamaswa, ndetse n'ingaruka ku buzima bw'abantu…
Kubwibyo, abaguzi benshi kandi benshi batangiye gushakisha uburyo bwo kubaho bwa karubone nkeya kandi bwangiza ibidukikije kugirango bagabanye umuvuduko wubushyuhe bwisi!Nibyo gukoresha cyane ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri bio!
1. Kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kugabanya ingaruka za parike
Gusimbuza peteroli gakondo nibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri bio birashobora kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Umusaruro wabio-bicuruzwaisohora dioxyde de carbone nkeya kuruta ibikomoka kuri peteroli.“Isesengura ry’ingaruka ku bukungu ry’inganda zikomoka muri Amerika zishingiye ku Bio (2019)” zagaragaje ko, ukurikije icyitegererezo cya EIO-LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), muri 2017, Amerika muri 2017 kubera umusaruro no gukoresha bio -ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku gusimbuza ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ibicanwa biva mu kirere Gukoresha byagabanutseho 60%, cyangwa hafi toni miliyoni 12.7 za CO2 ihwanye n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Uburyo bukurikira bwo kujugunya nyuma yubuzima bwingirakamaro bwibicuruzwa akenshi nabyo bivamo imyuka ya dioxyde de carbone, cyane cyane ipaki ya plastike isigaye.
Iyo plastiki yaka kandi igasenyuka, karuboni ya dioxyde irekurwa.Dioxyde de carbone irekurwa no gutwikwa cyangwa kubora bya plastiki ishingiye kuri bio ntaho ibogamiye na karubone kandi ntabwo izongera urugero rwa dioxyde de carbone mu kirere;gutwikwa cyangwa kubora ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri peteroli bizarekura karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone, ibyo bikaba ari imyuka myiza kandi bizongera urugero rwa dioxyde de carbone mu kirere.
Ukoresheje rero ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri bio aho gukoresha ibikomoka kuri peteroli, dioxyde de carbone mu kirere iragabanuka.
2. Koresha ibikoresho bisubirwamo kandi ugabanye gushingira kumavuta
Inganda zishingiye kuri bio zikoresha cyane cyane ibikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa (urugero: ibimera, imyanda kama) kugirango bitange kandi bisimbuze ibicuruzwa gakondo ukoresheje ibikomoka kuri peteroli.Ugereranije n'ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri peteroli, ibikoresho byayo bibisi byangiza ibidukikije.
Nk’uko isesengura ry’ingaruka z’ubukungu ryakozwe na raporo y’inganda zo muri Amerika zishingiye ku binyabuzima (2019), Amerika yazigamye peteroli ingana na miliyoni 9.4 binyuze mu gukora ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri bio.Muri byo, ikoreshwa rya plastiki ishingiye kuri bio na bio hamwe no gupakira byagabanutseho peteroli hafi 85.000-113,000.
Ubushinwa bufite ifasi nini kandi bukungahaye ku mutungo w’ibimera.Ubushobozi bwiterambere ryinganda zishingiye kuri bio ni nini, mugihe umutungo wigihugu cya peteroli ari muto.
Muri 2017, amavuta yose yagaragaye mu gihugu cyanjye yari toni miliyari 3,54 gusa, mu gihe igihugu cyanjye gikoresha peteroli muri 2017 cyari toni miliyoni 590.
Guteza imbere umusaruro no gukoresha ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri bio bizagabanya cyane gushingira kuri peteroli no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biterwa no gukoresha ingufu z’ibinyabuzima.
Iterambere ry’inganda zishingiye kuri bio rishobora gusa gukemura ibikenewe mu iterambere ry’uyu munsi ry’ubukungu bw’ibidukikije, butangiza ibidukikije kandi burambye.
3. Ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri bio, bitoneshwa nabashinzwe ibidukikije
Abantu benshi kandi benshi bakurikirana ubuzima buke bwa karubone kandi butangiza ibidukikije, kandi ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri bio ukoresheje ibikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa bigenda byamamara mubaguzi.
* Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Unilever 2017 bwerekanye ko 33% byabaguzi bahitamo ibicuruzwa bifasha imibereho cyangwa ibidukikije.Ubushakashatsi bwabajije abantu bakuru 2000 baturutse mu bihugu bitanu, kandi abarenga kimwe cya gatanu (21%) babajijwe bavuze ko niba ibicuruzwa bipfunyika hamwe n’isoko byerekana neza icyemezo cyacyo kirambye, nka label ya USDA, bazahitamo ibicuruzwa nk'ibyo.
* Accenture yakoze ubushakashatsi ku baguzi 6.000 bo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Uburayi na Aziya muri Mata 2019 kugira ngo basobanukirwe n'ingeso zabo zo kugura no gukoresha ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse mu bikoresho bitandukanye.Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko 72% by'ababajijwe bavuze ko bagura cyane ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije kuruta uko byari bimeze mu myaka itanu ishize, naho 81% bakavuga ko biteze kugura byinshi muri ibyo bicuruzwa mu myaka itanu iri imbere.nkatwe dufiteuruhu rwa biobased, 10% -80%, KUGEZAHO.
4. Icyemezo gishingiye kuri bio
Inganda zishingiye ku bio ku isi zateye imbere mu myaka irenga 100.Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere iterambere risanzwe ry’inganda zishingiye kuri bio, ASTM D6866, ISO 16620, EN 16640 n’ibindi bipimo by’ibizamini byatangijwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutahura ibinyabuzima bishingiye kuri bio mu bicuruzwa bishingiye kuri bio.
Mu rwego rwo gufasha abaguzi kubona ibicuruzwa nyabyo kandi byujuje ubuziranenge bishingiye ku binyabuzima, bishingiye ku bipimo bitatu byavuzwe haruguru byemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ibirango by’ibanze bya USDA, OK Biobased, DIN CERTCO, Ndi icyatsi na UL bio ishingiye ku byemezo. ibirango byatangijwe umwe umwe.
Ejo hazaza
Mu rwego rwo kwiyongera k'ubutunzi bwa peteroli ku isi no gukaza umurego ku isi.Ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku binyabuzima bishingiye ku iterambere no gukoresha umutungo ushobora kuvugururwa, guteza imbere “ubukungu bw’icyatsi” kirambye kandi cyangiza ibidukikije, kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kugabanya ingaruka za parike, no gusimbuza umutungo wa peteroli, intambwe ku yindi mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.
Tekereza ejo hazaza, ikirere kiracyari ubururu, ubushyuhe ntibukizamuka, umwuzure ntukiri umwuzure, ibi byose bitangirana no gukoresha ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri bio!
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gashyantare-19-2022