Nk’uko bigaragara mu itangazo rya 2019 ku miterere y’ikirere ku isi ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Iteganyagihe (WMO), umwaka wa 2019 wari umwaka wa kabiri ushyushye cyane, kandi imyaka 10 ishize ni yo yabaye ishyushye cyane kurusha iyindi yose.
Inkongi z'umuriro zabaye muri Ositaraliya mu 2019 n'icyorezo cyabaye mu 2020 byakanguye abantu, reka dutangire gutekereza.
Tutangiye kubona ingaruka z’uruhererekane rw’ibintu ziterwa n’ubushyuhe bw’isi, urubura rushonga, amapfa n’imyuzure, ibibazo ku buzima bw’inyamaswa, ndetse n’ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu…
Kubwibyo, abaguzi benshi batangiye gushakisha uburyo bwo kubaho bukoresha karubone nke kandi butangiza ibidukikije kugira ngo bagabanye umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe bw'isi! Ibyo ni ugukoresha cyane ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku binyabuzima!
1. Kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kugabanya ingaruka z'ubushyuhe
Gusimbuza ibikomoka kuri peteroli gakondo n'ibikomoka ku binyabuzima bishobora kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya dioxyde de carbone.
Umusaruro waibicuruzwa bishingiye ku binyabuzimagatanga gaze karuboni nkeya ugereranyije n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli. “Isesengura ry’ingaruka ku bukungu bw’inganda z’ibikomoka kuri peteroli muri Amerika (2019)” ryagaragaje ko, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’icyitegererezo cya EIO-LCA (Isuzuma ry’ubuzima), mu 2017, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 2017 bitewe n’umusaruro n’ikoreshwa ry’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu gusimbuza ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ibikomoka kuri peteroli byagabanutseho 60%, cyangwa toni miliyoni 12.7 z’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bingana na CO2.
Uburyo bwo gukuraho nyuma y’igihe cy’ubuzima bw’umusaruro bukunze gutuma habaho ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, cyane cyane ibisigaye mu gupfunyikamo ibya pulasitiki.
Iyo pulasitiki ihiye ikameneka, gazi karuboni irarekurwa. gazi karuboni irekurwa no gutwika cyangwa kubora kwa pulasitiki ishingiye ku binyabuzima ntabwo ikoreshwa mu kugabanya karuboni kandi ntizongera ingano ya gazi karuboni mu kirere; gutwika cyangwa kubora kw'ibikomoka kuri peteroli bizarekura gazi karuboni, ikaba ari imyuka myiza kandi izongera ingano yose ya gazi karuboni mu kirere.
Bityo rero iyo ukoresheje ibintu bishingiye ku binyabuzima aho gukoresha ibikomoka kuri peteroli, umwuka wa dioxyde de carbone mu kirere uragabanuka.
2. Gukoresha umutungo usubiramo no kugabanya kwishingikiriza kuri peteroli
Inganda zishingiye ku binyabuzima zikoresha cyane cyane ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa (urugero: ibimera, imyanda y’umwimerere) mu gukora no gusimbuza ibicuruzwa gakondo hakoreshejwe ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Ugereranyije n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ibikoresho byayo fatizo birengera ibidukikije.
Nk’uko raporo y’ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka z’ubukungu ku ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku binyabuzima muri Amerika (2019) ibigaragaza, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zarokoye utubari miliyoni 9.4 twa peteroli binyuze mu gukora ibikomoka ku binyabuzima. Muri byo, ikoreshwa rya plastiki zishingiye ku binyabuzima n’ibikomoka ku binyabuzima n’ibipfunyika byagabanutseho utubari tugera ku 85.000-113.000 twa peteroli.
Ubushinwa bufite ubutaka bunini kandi bukungahaye ku bimera. Inganda zikora ibikomoka ku bimera zifite ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ni nyinshi cyane, mu gihe umutungo w’ibikomoka kuri peteroli w’igihugu cyanjye ari muke cyane.
Mu 2017, ingano yose ya peteroli yabonetse mu gihugu cyanjye yari toni miliyari 3.54 gusa, mu gihe ikoreshwa rya peteroli ikomoka ku mavuta mu gihugu cyanjye mu 2017 ryari toni miliyoni 590.
Guteza imbere ikorwa n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka ku bimera bizagabanya cyane kwishingikiriza kuri peteroli kandi bigabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere iterwa no gukoresha ingufu z'ibimera.
Iterambere ry’inganda zishingiye ku binyabuzima rishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by’iterambere ry’ubukungu bushingiye ku bidukikije, butangiza ibidukikije kandi burambye muri iki gihe.
3. Ibikoresho bishingiye ku binyabuzima, bikundwa n'abashinzwe ibidukikije
Abantu benshi barimo gukurikirana ubuzima budafite karubone nke kandi butangiza ibidukikije, kandi ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku binyabuzima bikoresha ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa birimo kugenda bikundwa cyane n'abaguzi.
* Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Unilever bwo mu 2017 bwagaragaje ko 33% by'abaguzi bahitamo ibicuruzwa bifite akamaro mu mibereho myiza cyangwa ibidukikije. Ubu bushakashatsi bwabajije abantu bakuru 2.000 baturutse mu bihugu bitanu, kandi abarenga kimwe cya gatanu (21%) by'ababajijwe bavuze ko niba ibicuruzwa bipakiye kandi bigashyirwa ahagaragara icyemezo cy'uko birambye, nk'icyapa cya USDA, bizahitamo ibicuruzwa nk'ibyo.
* Accenture yakoze ubushakashatsi ku baguzi 6.000 bo muri Amerika ya Ruguru, i Burayi na Aziya muri Mata 2019 kugira ngo basobanukirwe uburyo bagura n'uburyo bakoresha ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse mu bikoresho bitandukanye. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko 72% by'ababajijwe bavuze ko baguraga cyane ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije kurusha uko byari bimeze mu myaka itanu ishize, naho 81% bavuga ko biteze kugura byinshi muri ibi bicuruzwa mu myaka itanu iri imbere. nk'uko twabigaragaje.uruhu rushingiye ku binyabuzima, 10%-80%, KUGEZA KURI WEWE.
4. Icyemezo cy'ibikubiye mu binyabuzima
Inganda zishingiye ku binyabuzima ku isi zimaze imyaka irenga 100 zitera imbere. Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda zishingiye ku binyabuzima, ASTM D6866, ISO 16620, EN 16640 n’andi mahame ngenderwaho y’ibizamini yatangijwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, akoreshwa by’umwihariko mu kumenya ibikubiye mu binyabuzima biri mu bicuruzwa bishingiye ku binyabuzima.
Mu rwego rwo gufasha abaguzi kubona ibicuruzwa nyabyo kandi bifite ireme ryinshi bishingiye ku binyabuzima, hashingiwe ku mahame atatu yemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga yo gupima, USDA bio-based priority labels, OK Biobased, DIN CERTCO, I'm green na UL bio-based content certification labels zashyizwe ahagaragara imwe ku yindi.
Kugeza mu gihe kizaza
Mu rwego rwo kwiyongera k’ubuke bw’umutungo kamere wa peteroli ku isi no kwiyongera k’ubushyuhe bw’isi. Ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku binyabuzima bishingiye ku iterambere n’ikoreshwa ry’umutungo kamere ushobora kongera gukoreshwa, guteza imbere “ubukungu burambye kandi butangiza ibidukikije”, kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya dioxyde de carbone, kugabanya ingaruka z’ubushyuhe, no gusimbuza umutungo kamere wa peteroli, intambwe ku yindi mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.
Tekereza ahazaza, ikirere kiracyari ubururu, ubushyuhe ntibukizamuka cyane, umwuzure ntukizura, ibi byose bitangirana no gukoresha ibikoresho bishingiye ku binyabuzima!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-19-2022
