Ubukungu bw’ibinyabuzima bw’i Burayi burakomeye, aho buri mwaka bugera kuri miliyari 780 z’amayero mu nganda zishingiye ku binyabuzima.

1. Imiterere y'ubukungu bw'ibinyabuzima bw'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi

Isesengura ry’amakuru ya Eurostat yo mu 2018 rigaragaza ko muri EU27 + UK, umusaruro wose w’ubukungu bw’ibinyabuzima, harimo n’ibice by’ibanze nk’ibiribwa, ibinyobwa, ubuhinzi n’amashyamba, wari hejuru gato ya tiriyari 2.4 z’amayero, ugereranyije n’izamuka rya buri mwaka rya hafi 25%.

Urwego rw'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa rugize hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'inyungu rusange z'ubukungu bushingiye ku binyabuzima, mu gihe inganda zishingiye ku binyabuzima zirimo imiti n'ibumba, imiti, impapuro n'impapuro, ibikomoka ku mashyamba, imyenda, ibikomoka kuri peteroli n'ingufu zikomoka ku binyabuzima zigira hafi 30%. Andi mafaranga agera kuri 20% aturuka mu rwego rw'ibanze rw'ubuhinzi n'amashyamba.

2. Igihugu cy'Ubumwe bw'u Burayibishingiye ku buzimaubukungu

Mu 2018, inganda zishingiye ku binyabuzima zo mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’uburayi zagize inyungu ya miliyari 776 z’amayero, ugereranyije na miliyari 600 z’amayero mu 2008. Muri zo, ibicuruzwa by’impapuro (23%) n’ibikoresho by’imbaho ​​(27%) byari bifite umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa, aho byageraga kuri miliyari 387 z’amayero; ibikomoka kuri peteroli n’ingufu z’ibinyabuzima byari bifite hafi 15%, aho byageraga kuri miliyari 114 z’amayero; imiti ikomoka ku binyabuzima na plastiki bifite inyungu ya miliyari 54 z’amayero (7%).

Izamuka ry’ubukungu mu rwego rw’imiti n’ibishushanyo mbonera bya pulasitiki ryiyongereyeho 68%, kuva kuri miliyari 32 z’amayero kugera kuri miliyari 54 z’amayero;

Umusaruro w’inganda zikora imiti wiyongereyeho 42%, uva kuri miliyari 100 z’amayero ugera kuri miliyari 142 z’amayero;

Izindi nyongera nto, nk'inganda zikora impapuro, zongereye umusaruro ku kigero cya 10.5%, kuva kuri miliyari 161 z'amayero kugera kuri miliyari 178 z'amayero;

Cyangwa iterambere rihamye, nk'inganda zikora imyenda, umusaruro wiyongereyeho 1% gusa, uva kuri miliyari 78 z'amayero ukagera kuri miliyari 79 z'amayero.

3. Impinduka mu kazi muri EUubukungu bushingiye ku binyabuzima

Mu 2018, abakozi bose mu bukungu bw’ibinyabuzima bw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi bageze kuri miliyoni 18.4. Ariko, mu gihe cya 2008-2018, iterambere ry’imirimo mu bukungu bw’ibinyabuzima bw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ugereranije n’ubwiyongere bw’ibiciro byagaragaye ko akazi kose gahagaze neza. Ariko, kugabanuka kw’imirimo mu bukungu bw’ibinyabuzima biterwa ahanini no kugabanuka k’urwego rw’ubuhinzi, bitewe no kwiyongera k’imikorere, imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga no gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga mu nzego zitandukanye. Igipimo cy’akazi mu zindi nganda cyakomeje kumera neza cyangwa ndetse cyariyongereye, nko mu bucuruzi bw’imiti.

Iterambere ry'imirimo mu nganda zishingiye ku binyabuzima ryagaragaje igabanuka rito cyane hagati ya 2008 na 2018. Akazi kagabanutse kava kuri miliyoni 3.7 mu 2008 kagera kuri miliyoni 3.5 mu 2018, cyane cyane inganda z'imyenda zitakaza imirimo igera ku 250.000 muri iki gihe. Mu zindi nganda, nko mu nganda zikora imiti, akazi kariyongereye. Mu 2008, abantu 214.000 bari bafite akazi, none uwo mubare wariyongereye ugera ku bantu bagera ku 327.000.

4. Itandukaniro mu mirimo mu bihugu by'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi

Amakuru y’ubukungu ashingiye ku binyabuzima by’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi agaragaza ko hari itandukaniro rigaragara hagati y’abanyamuryango mu bijyanye n’akazi n’umusaruro.

Urugero, ibihugu byo mu Burayi bwo hagati n'ubw'Iburasirazuba nka Polonye, ​​Rumaniya na Bulugariya, byiganjemo urwego rw’ubukungu bushingiye ku binyabuzima rufite agaciro gake, ibyo bikaba bitanga akazi kenshi. Ibi bigaragaza ko urwego rw’ubuhinzi rukunze gukoresha abakozi benshi ugereranije n’urwego rufite agaciro gakomeye.

Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba no mu majyaruguru y'Uburayi bifite inyungu nyinshi ugereranyije n'imirimo, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko hari inganda nyinshi zitanga umusaruro mwinshi nko gutunganya peteroli.

Ibihugu bifite umubare munini w'abakozi bahezwa mu kazi ni Finlande, Ububiligi na Suwede.

5. Iyerekwa
Mu mwaka wa 2050, Uburayi buzaba bufite uruhererekane rw’inganda zishingiye ku binyabuzima rurambye kandi ruhangana mu guteza imbere akazi, iterambere ry’ubukungu no gushinga umuryango ukoresha ibikomoka ku binyabuzima.
Muri sosiyete nk'iyo ikora ku buryo buziguye, abaguzi bazi neza bazahitamo imibereho irambye kandi bashyigikire ubukungu buhuza iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage no kurengera ibidukikije.